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Kadua cookiana

Cham. & Schltdl. (1829)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Kadua

‘āwiwi [awiwi]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small, many-branched shrubs.

Stems: Stems striate, to ca. 1–2 dm long, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades linear, 4–8 cm long, ca. 0.5–1.2 cm wide. Blades chartaceous. Margins slightly revolute. Veins other than midrib obscure. petioles 0 – 0.5 cm long, connate into a sheath. Stipules reduced to a carinate, linear–subulate mucro 2–5 mm long, adnate to petiole bases.

Flowers: Flowers 3(–7) in cymes, these hirtellous throughout or glabrous, pedicels ca. 8–15 mm long, those of the central flower longest, bracts subtending inflorescence linear, ca. 1–1.5 cm long; hypanthium turbinate, ca. 1.5 mm long. Flowers insect-pollinated, apparently bisexual (perfect) or pistillate. Calyx 4–5 lobed, lobes linear–deltate, 4–6 mm long, 1.5–2 mm wide, apparently not enlarging in fruit. Corolla white, fleshy, salverform, the tube ca. 8–9 mm long, the limb not strongly quadrangular in bud, but apex depressed; 4-5-lobed, the lobes ca. 2 mm long at anthesis, strongly inflexed in bud; nectary disc present. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted on corolla tube midway or near throat; anthers sessile or on short filaments; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular; ovules few to numerous on fleshy placentas near middle of septum; styles as many as carpels, cylindrical to filiform, terminal, slender; stigma bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted.

Fruit: Capsules turbinate–globose; 3–3.5 mm long; 3.5–4 mm in diameter; dehiscing loculicidally across disk; tardily slightly further; pyrenes tardily dehiscing septicidally; endocarp thinly sclerified; disk conical to slightly beaked. Seeds reddish brown; cuneiform; slightly compressed; irregularly angled; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Probably in lowland habitats.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
Hawai'i Extirpated

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Linnaea 4: 158 (1829)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1140 (K, H [as Hedyotis cookiana]); Terrell et al. 2005:833/Kennedy et al. 2010:23 (Syn. H. cookiana = K. cookiana); Chamisso s.n. B (H†, 1817)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 10173 Kauai BISH 3/18/2010
2 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Moist crevice at the base of the falls. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 23143 Kauai BISH 1/1/1948
3 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. menzies GH
4 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 10173 MICH 3/18/2010
5 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 228k. NY 8/7/1909
6 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 10173 NY 3/18/2010
7 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2440 NY 1895-06-24
8 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Among arid rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann jr. 569 NY
9 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. wawra 2010 NY
10 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 12778 NY 1/12/2008
11 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 8562 Kauai PTBG 6/28/2000
12 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 8817 Kauai PTBG 11/9/2001
13 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Alien veg. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13262 Kauai PTBG 1/24/1993
14 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Degraded vegetation, few natives survive such as Machaerina angustifolia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 24664 Kauai PTBG 10/9/2015
15 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 8564 Kauai PTBG 6/28/2000
16 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6317 Kauai PTBG 5/24/1997
17 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 8563 Kauai PTBG 6/28/2000
18 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Moist crevice at the base of the falls. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Britten, E.J. 23143 Kauai BISH 1/1/1948
19 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 528.mo Molokai US
20 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mixed mostly alien vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 21690 Kauai PTBG 6/15/2009
21 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Abbott, L.; Hill, B. 10350 Kauai US 6/6/1989
22 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 528.Mo Molokai US 9/12/2020
23 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman 13263 Kauai US 1/8/1993
24 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman & t. w. flynn 13262 Kauai US 1/24/1993
25 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Cowan, R. S.; Webster, G. L.; Wilbur, R. L. 23143 Kauai US 1/1/1948
26 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. Collector Number: 10173 Kauai BISH 3/18/2010
27 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H.; Nishek, B. 8817 Kauai US 11/9/2001
28 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 10173 Kauai PTBG 3/18/2010
29 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kerin E. Lilleeng-Rosenberger s.n. Kauai PTBG 7/15/1995
30 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Waterfall and plunge-pool, riparian vegetation, PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 16499 Kauai PTBG 6/24/2015
31 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Perennial falls and seeping basalt dominated by alien vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 12975 Kauai PTBG 5/8/2008
32 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H. 10173 Kauai US 3/18/2010
33 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence & b. nishek 8817 Kauai US 11/9/2001
34 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, r. s. cowan, g. l. webster & r. l. wilbur 23143 Kauai US 1/1/1948
35 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 8563 US
36 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Flynn, T. W. 13262 Kauai US 1/24/1993
37 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman, l. abbott & b. hill 10350 Kauai US 6/6/1989
38 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence & B. Nishek 8817 Kauai US 11/9/2001
39 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 10173 Kauai US 3/18/2010
40 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 10173 Oahu US 3/18/2010
41 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN britten, e.j. cowan, r.s.; frederick, l.; rogers, d.p. collector number: 23143 Oahu BISH 1/1/1948
42 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. Nishek, B. Collector Number: 8817 Kauai BISH 11/9/2001
43 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 10173 Kauai BISH 3/18/2010
44 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Face of waterfall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 24966 Kauai BISH 1/3/1953
45 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Face of waterfall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 24966 Kauai BISH 1/3/1953
46 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information mixed mostly alien vegetation with Bidens forbesii, Carex wahuensis, Psidium guajava, Erigeron karvinskianus, Ageratum conyzoids, Blechnum occidentale, Clidemia hirta, Lantana camara, Lythrum maritimum, Kalachoe pinnata, Melinus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 21690 Kauai BISH 6/15/2009
47 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rare in rainforest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand Oahu BISH
48 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 8817 Kauai BISH 11/9/2001
49 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christensen, C. 6 Kauai BISH 5/8/1976
50 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information mixed mostly alien vegetation with Bidens forbesii, Carex wahuensis, Psidium guajava, Erigeron karvinskianus, Ageratum conyzoids, Blechnum occidentale, Clidemia hirta, Lantana camara, Lythrum maritimum, Kalachoe pinnata, Melinus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. kishida, w. collector number: 21690 Kauai BISH 6/15/2009
51 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. nishek, b. collector number: 8817 Kauai BISH 11/9/2001
52 Kadua cookiana Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN christensen, c. collector number: 6 Kauai BISH 5/8/1976
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